കൃത്രിമമായി ഇറച്ചി ഉണ്ടാക്കാം

Ir{Xna amwkhpw CXm Cs§¯nt¸mbn tUm. IhnXm cmPtKm]mÂ, tUm. sI.Pn. APnXv IpamÀ Ct¶¡v 82 hÀjw ap³]v 1932  hn³Ì³ NÀ¨n FgpXn, A³]XphÀj§Ä¡¸pdw tImgnbpsS s\t©m, Imtem, Ign¡p¶Xn\p thWvSn Hcp apgph³ tImgnsbbpw hfÀ¯pIsb¶ Akw_Ô¯n \n¶pw \mw c£s¸Spw; Hmtcm¶ns\bpw Ir{Xnaambn hÀ[\m am[ya§Ä (culture media) hfÀ¯n Blmcam¡p¶ Imew hnZqcaÃ. AsX, B Imew h¶ptNÀ ¶ncn¡p¶p. 2013 HmKÌn s\XÀe³Uvknse amkv{SnIväv bqWnthgvknänbnse et_md«dnbn DXv]mZn¸n¨ Ir{Xna amwkw AS§nb _ÀKÀ Ign¨pt\m¡nb {]ikvX `£yKthjI lm\n dqsÉÀ (Hanni Ruetzleer) km£ys¸Sp¯p¶Xv bYmÀY amwkhpw Ir{Xna Cd¨nbpw X½n hyXymk§Ä Xptemw IpdhmsW¶mWv. hnJymX U¨v KthjI³ {]^. amÀ¡v t]mÌnsâ t\XrXz¯n Hcp kwLw imkv{XÚcmWv ]iphnsâ hn¯ptImi§fn \n¶v Snjyp F³Pn\nbdnwKv (Tissue Engineering) kmt¦XnIhnZy D]tbmKn¨v t]in JÞw (Muscle Strip) DWvSm¡nsbSp¯Xv. Snjyq F³Pn\nbdnwKv kt¦Xw hgn ]co£Wimebn DXv]mZn¸n¡p¶ amwkamWv Ir{Xna amwkw AYhm jvaoäv/sslt{Umt]m\nIv aoäv/sSÌvSyq_v aoäv AYhm CcIfnÃmsX krjvSn¡s¸« Cd¨n. Ir{Xna amwkw F´n\v? 2011 se ^pUv B³Uv A{Kn¡Ä¨d HmÀKss\tkj³ (FAO) dnt¸mÀ«v {]Imcw ]c¼cmKX amwtkmXv]mZ\w `qanbn C¶p \ne\n¡p¶ kmlNcy§Ä D]tbmbKn¨p km[yam¡mhp¶ DXv]mZ\¯nsâ ]mcay¯n F¯nbncn¡p¶p. AXpsImWvSv `mhnbn amwksa¶Xv ZpÀe`hpw hnetbdnbXpamb Aaqey `£yhkvXphmbn Xocpsa¶mWv {]hNn¡s¸Sp¶Xv. AXn\m CXc km[yXIÄ ]cntim[nt¡WvSXmbpWvSv. AXn\pw]pdta ]c¼cmKX amwtkmXv]mZ\w DWvSm¡p¶ ]mcnØnXnI BLmXw, AXmbXv lcnX KrlhmXI {]kcW¯nsâ tXmXv Xoäsb Cd¨nbm¡n amäm\pÅ arK§fpsS £aX¡pdhv, Irjnbm¡m\pÅ h\\ioIcWw F¶nh IW¡nseSp¡pt¼mÄ Ir{Xna amwkw F¶ Bib¯n\v A\pbmbnIÄ GsdbmWv. a\pjycpsS Gähpw CjvSs¸« Blmc km[\§fn H¶mWv Cd¨n. ]t£ \½psS Cd¨n D]t`mKw ]cnØnXn¡v lm\nIcw BIp¶psWvS¶p kaÀYn¡p¶hÀ GsdbpWvSv. AXmbXv, Cd¨n¡mbn hfÀ¯p¶ arK§fpw Ah Xn¶pXoÀ¡p¶ ]pÃpw aäp Xoä km[\§fpsS DXv]mZ\ {]{InbIfpw FÃmwIqsS ImÀ_¬, aotY³ XpS§nb lcnXKrlhmXI§Ä A´co£¯nte¡p ]pdw XÅpat{X. IW¡pIÄ {]Imcw Hcp Kme³ s]t{Smfns\ At]£n¨v Hcp Intem _o^v ]pdwXÅp¶ ImÀ_¬ (Carbon Emission) GXmWvSv Bdp aS§phcpw. Ir{Xna amwtkmXv]mZ\¯n\pthWvSn D]tbmKs¸Sp¯p¶ Hmtcm G¡À \ne¯n\pw Xpeyambn 10 apX 20 G¡À \new hsc ImÀjnI D]t`mK¯n \n¶pw kzm`mhnI ssPh LS\bnte¡v amän ]mcnØnXnI kwXpe\w km[yam¡msa¶mWv ]T\§Ä kqNn¸n¡p¶Xv. 1995  Atacn¡bnse ^pUv B³Uv {UKv AUvan\nkvt{Sj³ a\pjy\nÀanX Cd¨n¡v ]¨s¡mSn ImWn¨Xn ]ns¶ Atacn¡³ _lncmImi KthjW GP³kn \mk Cu coXnbnepÅ KthjW§Ä t{]mÕmln¸n¡phm³ XpS§n. 2008  arK§fpsS kwc£W¯n\mbn {]hÀ¯n¡p¶ kwLS\bmb PETA Ir{Xna Cd¨n \nÀan¡p¶hÀ¡v Hcp Zie£w tUmfÀ hmKvZm\hpambn cwKs¯¯n. hÀ¯am\Imes¯ Gähpw AÛpXIcamb imkvt{Xm]mbamb Snjyq F³Pn\nbdnwKv kt¦XamWv a\pjy\nÀanX Cd¨nbpsS DXv]mZ\¯n\pw D]tbmKn¨ncn¡p¶Xv. HcmfpsS kzXthbpÅ tImi§fn \n¶v XIcmdnemb Ahbh§sftbm, tImiPme§sftbm krjvSns¨Sp¡p¶Xn\v Snjyq F³Pn\nbdnwKv kmt¦XnI hnZybmWv \nehn {]tbmP\s¸Sp¯n hcp¶Xv. Ir{XnatImi§Ä AYhm t]io X´p¡Ä, {KÙnIÄ F¶nh krjvSns¨Sp¡pI hgn hnhn[ tcmKmhØIfpsS NnInÕ Cu coXnbn km[yamIp¶pWvSv. F¶m CtXkt¦Xw D]tbmKn¨v Cd¨nsb¶ hnhn[ kzmZv AwikwtbmKw XpS§nb LSI§tfmSpIqSnb `£yhkvXphns\ cq]s¸Sp¯nsbSp¡pI F¶ hfsc {iaIcamb IrXyamWv {]^. amÀ¡v t]mÌpw kwLhpw \nÀhln¨ncn¡p¶Xv. Ir{Xna kmlNcy§fn kzm`mhnI t]inIeIfn \n¶pw cq]s¸Sp¯nsbSp¡p¶ H¶mWv Ir{Xna amwkw (in vitro meat). AXn\m P\XnI amäw hcp¯nb hnfIsf At]£n¨v kpc£nXhpw `£ytbmKyhpamWnXv. icoc¯n\v KpWIcamb t]mjI§Ä, HtaK 3 ^män A¾§Ä F¶nh Bhiyamb Afhn DÄs¸Sp¯m\mhpsa¶Xpw AWp¡fpsS tXmXv Ipdªncn¡psa¶Xpw Ir{Xna amwk¯nsâ KpW§fmWv. F¶m cqNnbpsS LSI§Ä Bb sImgpt¸m FtÃm CÃm¯Xv Hcp t]mcmbvabmbn NqWvSn ImWn¡s¸«ncn¡p¶p. AXpt]mse Xs¶ hfÀ¯phm³ D]tbmKn¡p¶ am[ya¯nsâ hne, AXnÂ\n¶pÅ AeÀPn F¶nh CXnsâ t]mcmbvaIfmWv. hn¯ptImi§Ä cWvSpXc¯nepWvSv, {]mb]qÀ¯nbmbPohn/P´p¡fn \n¶pw tiJcn¡p¶hbpw {`qW¯n \n¶pw tiJcn¡p¶hbpw (Embryonic stem cells). Ir{Xnaamwkw DXv]mZn¸n¡p¶Xn\mbn D]tbmKn¡p¶ atbm»mÌv {]mb]qÀ¯nbmb P´p¡fn \n¶pÅ hn¯ptImi§Ä BWv. icoc¯n GsX¦nepw Xc¯nepÅ apdnhv ]änbXn\ptijw ]pXnb IeIÄ DXv]mZn¸n¡s¸Sp¶Xv Cu hn¯ptImi§fn \n¶mWv. BZyambn arK¯nsâ icoc¯n \n¶pw PohIeIÄ FSp¡p¶p. AXn \n¶pw atbm»mÌv tImi§sf thÀXncn¨Xn\ptijw AXns\ Hcp hÀ[I am[ya¯n CSp¶p. tImi§Ä hfcm\pw hn`Pn¡m\pw Bhiyamb {]Xe¯n (Scaffold) Ah hfÀ¶v atbmss^_dpIÄ ]n¶oSv t]in X´phpw Bbn¯ocp¶p. t]in¡v Bhiyamb amwkyw, aäpw LSI§Ä F¶nh DWvSm¡n¸n¡p¶Xn\mbn Cu tImi§sf hnhn[ sshZypX, cmk, `uXnI Dt¯P\§Ä¡pw hnt[bam¡p¶p. C§s\ e`n¡p¶ At\Imbncw t]inX´p¡sf Hcpan¸n¨v Bhiyamb PohI§Ä, Ccp¼pk¯v, cpNn¡v Bhiyamb LSI§Ä F¶nh tNÀ¯v Acs¨Sp¯v \ap¡miyamb cq]¯n (tkmtkPmtbm, _ÀKdmtbm atäm) B¡nsbSp¡p¶p. Hcp Zie£w tUmfÀ BWv 250 {Kmw Xq¡w hcp¶ Hcp _ÀKÀ DWvSm¡m\mbn sNehph¶Xv. F¶m `mhnbn sNehp Ipd¨v DXv]mZn¸n¡m\mhpsa¶mWv KthjIcpsS {]Xo£. asämcp imkv{X]co£Ww F¶ \nehn«v Ir{Xna amwtkmXv]mZ\¯n\v \nch[n ]mcnØnXnI, BtcmKy, arKt£a, km¼¯nIam\§fpw KpW§fpw DsWvS¶XpsImWvSpXs¶ CXns\ A\pIqen¨pw FXnÀ ¯pw DÅ NÀ¨Ifpw kPohamW.v {]IrXnbpsS hgnItfmSpÅ Hcp shÃphnfn F¶Xns\m¸w Xs¶ CXnsâ ]cnØnXn kwc£W DZya§fpw a\knem¡s¸tSWvSXmWv.